The dream of owning a home is a cherished one for many individuals and families across the United States. However, the soaring median existing-home price of around $400,000 can often make it seem like an unattainable goal, especially when faced with the prospect of a substantial down payment. Traditional mortgage loans typically require a 20 percent down payment, equating to a significant sum, but there is good news – down payment assistance (DPA) programs exist to help prospective homeowners bridge the financial gap. In this blog post, we will explore what DPA programs are, how they work, and the steps to access this valuable assistance.

What is a Down Payment Assistance (DPA) Program?

Down payment assistance programs are financial tools designed to provide aspiring homebuyers with the necessary funds to contribute towards the purchase of a home. In addition to assisting with down payments, some programs also extend their support to cover closing costs, which can amount to approximately 2 percent to 5 percent of the loan principal. This additional help can be particularly beneficial for individuals who have allocated their savings primarily for a down payment.

DPA programs are available across the country, with the majority of options offered at the local level through state, county, and city government initiatives. These programs can take the form of loans, grants, or matched savings, each with its unique set of eligibility criteria and repayment terms.

Down Payment Assistance Eligibility Requirements

While eligibility criteria may vary among different DPA programs, the vast majority of assistance is aimed at first-time homebuyers. However, “first-timer” does not exclusively refer to someone purchasing their first home; it can also encompass individuals who have not owned a home in the last three years. Additionally, many programs exclude owners of rental or investment properties, emphasizing that the home should be your primary residence. Some programs may permit the purchase of duplexes or small multi-family properties if you intend to reside in one of the units.

Types of Down Payment Assistance Loans and Programs

Grants: Grants are a type of DPA that offers a one-time cash sum, often as a no-interest second loan. These funds can be used to cover part or all of the down payment or closing costs. The best part is that grants do not need to be repaid and are typically tailored for low- or moderate-income borrowers. Various grant programs are accessible through banks and state and local governments.
Forgivable Loans: Forgivable loans function like loans but can effectively become grants if certain conditions are met. Typically, this type of loan is forgiven after a specific period, provided that you continue to own the home and stay current on your mortgage payments. If you sell your home or move before the specified period, you may be required to repay a portion of the funds. Forgivable loans are often administered through state housing finance agencies.
Low-Interest Loans: Low-interest loans operate as second mortgages with interest rates below market rates. Unlike grants or forgivable loans, these loans must be repaid, usually over a few years. This means that you will have additional monthly payments in addition to your regular mortgage. You can find low-interest loans through various mortgage lenders.
Deferred-Payment Loans: Deferred-payment loans typically do not accrue interest, and you are only responsible for repaying the principal amount borrowed. However, these loans are not forgiven and must be repaid in full when you sell your home or refinance your mortgage. State and local homebuyer assistance programs often offer deferred-payment loans.
Individual Development Accounts (IDAs): IDAs, also known as matched-savings accounts, are special savings accounts where your contributions are matched by either private or public funding sources. These programs typically have income caps and employment requirements, and participants often need to complete financial literacy training. IDAs are usually available at the state level or through private nonprofits and can be used for down payments and closing costs.
Lender-Specific Down Payment Assistance Programs: Some mortgage lenders offer their own DPA programs. For example, Chase offers assistance ranging from $2,500 to $5,000 in many states, which can be used for closing costs and down payment needs. Eligibility for these programs may have specific requirements, such as obtaining a 30-year fixed-rate loan, living in the home as your primary residence, and attending a homebuyer education course.
How to Access Down Payment Assistance

Accessing DPA programs often involves exploring local resources and organizations. Here are some avenues to consider:

State Housing Finance Authority: Many state housing finance authorities (HFAs) offer homebuying assistance and education programs. Check with your state’s HFA for information on available DPA programs.
City and County Government Programs: Numerous counties and cities offer DPA programs as part of their efforts to promote homeownership, especially for first-time buyers. Visit your municipality’s website or consult your loan officer to learn more about local DPA programs in your area.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): HUD provides a wealth of information on local homebuying programs by state. Each state also has HUD-approved counselors who can guide you through the homebuying process and help you find financial assistance options.
Conclusion

Owning a home remains a significant milestone for many individuals and families, and down payment assistance programs play a crucial role in turning this dream into a reality. With various types of assistance available, aspiring homeowners can find a program that suits their unique financial situation and eligibility criteria. By exploring local and state resources and leveraging the support provided by DPA programs, more people can achieve the goal of homeownership, even in a challenging real estate market.

The news from the Federal Reserve this week is a pause on rate hikes and while the Fed does not set these rates outright, its monetary policies and decisions inevitably echo through the housing market. This relationship has been notably evident through the 11 rate hikes since early 2022, leading to the Fed’s recent announcement of a pause in September.

A Glimmer of Hope for the Housing Market
Housing economists have found solace in this pause, with anticipations that the steep incline in mortgage rates may be nearing its terminus.

Mike Fratantoni, the Chief Economist at the Mortgage Bankers Association, states, “We anticipate a continual decline in inflation, aligning it closer to the Fed’s target. Concurrently, the job market is projected to decelerate, reflecting expectations that the Fed’s 2024 movements will be characterized by cuts instead of increments. This shift is foreseen to ameliorate affordability for prospective homebuyers.”

The Mechanisms of the Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve delineates the borrowing expenses for short-term loans through modifications in its federal funds rate. This integral rate defines the interest paid by banks to each other for overnight reserve borrowing from the Fed.

Since 2022, the elevation of this fundamental rate was adopted as a strategy by the Fed to mitigate inflation, inadvertently escalating the borrowing expenses for Americans.

It is crucial to note that fixed-rate mortgages, which dominate the home loan sector, do not replicate the federal funds rate. Instead, they are anchored to the 10-year Treasury yield. However, the fed funds rate does shape the contours of short-term loans like credit card rates and adjustable-rate mortgages.

The Federal Reserve also engages in the purchase and sale of debt securities, sustaining the credit flow and subsequently impacting mortgage rates.

Diverging Influences on Mortgage Rates
The intricacies of fixed-rate mortgages are inherently tied to the 10-year Treasury yield. The fluctuations in this yield reverberate through fixed-rate mortgages, although the exact mortgage rate maintains a gap with the yield. This gap has extended to 3 percentage points through much of 2023, inflating the cost of mortgages.

Mortgage rates move based on variety of factors including inflation, supply and demand balance in mortgage lending, and the secondary mortgage market dynamics.

Of course if you’re looking to finance a home loan check with us – you can fill out our 60 second analysis on our website or just schedule a meeting and we can review your options and see what best fits your needs!

What’s a 10/1 ARM?
An ARM is a mortgage with an interest rate that can adjust over time in response to changes in the market. The 10/1 ARM has a fixed interest rate for the first decade, followed by annual rate adjustments for the next 20 years. This makes it distinct from traditional fixed-rate mortgages which lock in one rate for the entirety of the loan term.

The beauty of the 10/1 ARM lies in the balance it offers: the certainty of a fixed rate for a substantial period and the potential savings from rate adjustments thereafter.

How the 10/1 ARM Rate Works:
Essentially, the interest rate on a 10/1 ARM is determined by a combination of a fixed margin rate and a variable index rate. The index rate reflects general market interest rates and can move up or down, while the margin remains constant.

Lenders often offer a cap on how much the interest rate can adjust. For instance, a 2/2/5 cap structure means:

A maximum of 2% increase at the first adjustment after 10 years.
A maximum of 2% increase for subsequent annual adjustments.
A total maximum of 5% increase over the life of the loan above the starting rate.
The Good and the Bad of 10/1 ARM:

Pros:

Initial Savings: With typically lower initial interest rates than fixed-rate mortgages, the 10/1 ARM offers initial cost savings.
Potential for More Home: The lower initial payment might enable you to afford a larger or better-situated house.
Further Savings: If market rates fall after the fixed period, your interest rate and payment can also decrease.
Cons:

Future Cost Risks: After the 10-year fixed period, you are exposed to potential rate hikes.
Complexity: With multiple variables at play – rate caps, index rate changes, and resets – ARMs can be complex to understand.
The Temptation of Interest-Only Payments: Some ARMs offer the option to pay only interest initially, but this can lead to much higher payments later and risk of negative equity if property values decline.
Comparing the 10/1 ARM with Other Mortgages:

10/1 ARM vs 5/1 ARM: The shorter five-year fixed period of the 5/1 ARM typically offers a lower initial rate but exposes the borrower to rate adjustments sooner.
10/1 ARM vs 7/1 ARM: With a 7/1 ARM, rate adjustments start after seven years, offering a middle ground between the 5/1 and 10/1 ARM.
10/1 ARM vs 30-year Fixed: While the 30-year fixed offers rate certainty, the 10/1 ARM can offer initial savings and the potential for more if rates decrease.
Is the 10/1 ARM for You?
The decision rests on your unique situation. Consider:

The initial rate being offered.
How long you intend to stay in the home.
Your risk tolerance regarding future rate adjustments.
If the initial rate is attractive and you don’t see yourself in the home for significantly more than a decade, the 10/1 ARM might offer significant benefits.

In conclusion, the 10/1 ARM presents an interesting option for homeowners who wish to capitalize on initial savings, while also taking a calculated risk on future interest rates. Schedule a consultation on our website and we can review if a 10/1 ARM is right for you.